Multidrug Therapy Is A Key Element In The Elimination And Treatment Of Leprosy!

There are some diseases that create fear in the heart. In that, leprosy is one disease.

Although this is in the way of withdrawing stage, the stigma, fear, and the isolation associated with this condition is proven to be more damaging than the disease itself.

Even individuals who are cured with leprosy fear to speak about it because they are scared of the discrimination. Even though many are being cured, many people are still isolated.

Leprosy is caused by a slow-growing bacterium called Mycobacterium leprae and it is not extremely contagious. The mechanism of transmission of this disease is not known.

According to the reports from 109 countries, during the past five years, the number of new detected cases of leprosy has continued to decrease dramatically at an average rate of 20% per year.

Know different types of leprosy!

The leprosy is classified as paucibacillary (tuberculoid leprosy) and multibacillary Hansen’s disease (lepromatous leprosy) or borderline leprosy.

Borderline leprosy (multibacillary leprosy) of intermediate severity is the most common form of this disease.

In this type, skin lesions look like tuberculoid leprosy, but these lesions are numerous and irregular with large patches, which affects the whole limb. It also involves the peripheral nerves causing severe weakness and loss of sensation.

Paucibacillary Hansen’s leprosy is associated with many hypopigmented skin macules with patches that have no sensation and damaged peripheral nerves, which are attacked by the human host’s immune cells.

Multibacillary Hansen’s leprosy has characteristic features of symmetric skin lesions, plaques, nodules, thickened dermis, nasal congestion, and epistaxis.

People who are living in epidemic areas with poor conditions like contaminated water, insufficient diet, and inadequate bed, and people with other diseases such as HIV, which suppresses the immune function are at high risk of having this infection.

Treatment Principles Of Leprosy Control Program!

The goal of leprosy control program is early detection of patients with this infection, giving them appropriate treatment, and adequate care to prevent disabilities and rehabilitations.

Since leprosy is an infectious disease, antibiotic therapy plays a vital role in treatment. There are many effective chemotherapy agents that act against Mycobacterium leprae.

As per WHO recommendations, dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine, ofloxacin, and minocycline are considered to be the backbone of the multidrug therapy. Other chemotherapeutic drugs include Levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and clarithromycin. These are also proved to be effective against Mycobacterium leprae.

Diagnosis with multidrug therapy has a key role in the treatment and strategy to eliminate the disease as a public health problem. WHO made this multidrug therapy treatment available free of charge to all patients throughout the world since 1995.

For both Paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy, rifampin is central for treatment. In the treatment of this infection with rifampin, this drug will be administered in a single monthly dose. In this protocol, no significant toxic effects have been reported.

Other drugs also have bactericidal activity against M. leprae. Researches state that they can cure the leprosy, but they cannot restore their extremities.

Even though there is a great decline in the cases of leprosy, many people are discriminating the cured people. Everyone should need to be educated about the fact that this is a curable disease.

What Are The Main Culprits That Cause Viral Gastroenteritis?

Eating contaminated food can be very dangerous for you and it usually results in several gastro intestinal infections such as viral gastroenteritis.

Several types of viruses are responsible for causing gastroenteritis, which mainly include astro viruses, rota virus, and noro virus. These viruses usually result in vomiting and diarrhea, when they enter into your stomach.

Viral gastroenteritis is often known as stomach flu, though it is not caused by any influenza viruses.

You can easily identify this viral gastroenteritis with watery diarrhea and also vomiting. If you are affected with this viral infection, you can also experience severe headache, fever and also severe abdominal cramps.

Contaminated food and drinks are suspected as main culprits!

Food that gets contaminated through the hands of food preparers or handlers can be the main source for the virus to transmit. Especially, if they do not wash their hands properly after using bathroom can increase the chance for the spread of disease.

Uncovered food or certain other beverages, which are handled in an improper way, are also responsible for making a clear path for the virus to enter into your body.

Viral gastroenteritis is highly contagious!

Viruses those are usually responsible for gastroenteritis can be usually transmitted, whenever you are in close contact with the affected person like by sharing foods, using their personal things and utensils. Most of the people can get viral gastroenteritis through contaminated food and water. Whenever you consume any foods, which are highly contaminated with virus responsible for infection, you will be affected with this viral infection.

People who no longer have any signs of infection can be still contagious, since this virus can be found in their body wastes for up to 2 weeks after they recover from viral gastroenteritis. Even if you are not infected with the virus, you can still have chances to spread the disease.

The outbreak of viral gastroenteritis usually takes place in child care centers, nursing homes, camps, restaurants and also in places where people usually gather in large numbers. If you suspect any kind of infection in any of these places, then try to avoid those premises of infection.

Be careful while having any kind of outside foods. Try to choose the places that usually are with highly hygienic environments. Whenever you suspect any type of contamination in food, water or other beverages, just try to avoid them in order to avoid further complications.

Are You Considering a Tummy Tuck?

Abdominoplasty, which is popularly known as Tummy Tuck, is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures worldwide. The trim, youthful abdomen that can be obtained as a result of this procedure causes more and more people to seriously consider it. Besides, with high quality and affordable healthcare solutions provided by highly specialised hospitals in countries like India, Tummy Tuck is now within reach of the average person on the street and not just to celebrities. Anyone who wants to improve the appearance of his or her abdomen can opt for this procedure.

A Good Candidate for Tummy Tuck:

People consider Tummy Tuck for a host of reasons. While the large majority of candidates are women who have recently had babies and are looking to get back into their pre-pregnancy clothes, men are also not far behind in choosing a Tummy Tuck procedure to get rid of their unsightly belly bulges. Older people who want to get rid of the loose skin around their midriff also consider getting this procedure done.

While the increasing acceptance of cosmetic surgery may prompt many to consider undergoing the procedure, there are several factors that make an ideal tummy tuck candidate.

Realistic Expectations, Physical Fitness and Future Plans:

The ideal candidate has realistic expectations of the outcome of Tummy Tuck surgery. While the appearance of the abdomen and waist area improves drastically, if you are looking at surgery as a shortcut to look like Halle Berry or Hugh Jackman, you are likely to be disappointed. The procedure is not a weight loss technique, rather it is used to remove excess skin and fat that cannot be eliminated through diet and exercise alone.

Other desirable attributes would include physical fitness, emotional health and non-smoking. General physical fitness will ensure a faster recovery. Since a person who is physically fit can generally be expected to be close to the ideal weight and physically active, there is less chance of piling the fat back on due to a sedentary lifestyle after the surgery. Smoking inhibits the ability of the body to heal, so a non-smoking candidate will recover faster.

A person who is considering losing a large amount of weight is better off doing that first through proper diet and exercise and then using the surgery to help remove the excess, loose skin which has resulted from the weight loss. Also, women who are looking to get pregnant again should not ideally go for the surgery. The surgery proves most beneficial when the family is complete and no more children are on the way. If a woman becomes pregnant after abdominoplasty, the skin will stretch again and the only recourse is another procedure.

Cost of Abdominoplasty:

The cost of the procedure varies according to the requirements of the patient and clinics/hospitals where it is performed. There are three types of Tummy Tuck procedures – Traditional Tummy Tuck, Mini Tummy Tuck and Extended Abdominoplasty. These procedures vary in complexity and a qualified surgeon will be able to determine the ideal procedure for you and give you an estimate of the cost involved. The cost varies from surgeon to surgeon and hospital to hospital.

To undergo the procedure in India, it costs only about a tenth of what it would cost in the UK or US.

Before the Tummy Tuck Procedure:

Before undergoing the procedure you and your surgeon will have a thorough discussion. Take some time to think your decision through and use your time with the surgeon to the fullest extent possible. Ask as many questions as possible and make sure that not a shadow of doubt remains in your mind.

Once you decide to go ahead with the procedure, you will have a pre-surgery consultation with your surgeon. It is of utmost importance to be completely frank and honest here; your surgeon wants you to achieve the best possible results from the surgery and with no complications. If you are taking any prescription drugs or have had surgery before or have allergies, this is the time to mention it.

The surgeon will want to ensure that you are healthy and fit; he will need your complete medical history and also require you to undergo routine tests for blood pressure, blood test, height, weight etc. It will also be ascertained whether your heart and lungs are fit enough for anaesthesia.

There will be a list of do’s and don’ts before the surgery. This may include stopping smoking because if you are a smoker it may adversely impact wound healing. You may also be instructed to stop taking some medications like aspirin or nutritional supplements. The surgeon will also advise you on what you can eat and drink before the surgery.

After Tummy Tuck:

The recovery will be carefully monitored and your dressings and general condition will be checked on a regular basis. The time of recovery varies according to the procedure performed and the general fitness of the patient. For a more involved Extended Abdominoplasty procedure, the recovery time is around two weeks whereas in other procedures, you may be able to leave the hospital in 2-3 days.

Expect the abdomen and surrounding area to feel sore and swollen, you will be given pain medication which will help you through this stage. Normally, you may be required to wear a support girdle. This helps in reducing the swelling and speeding up the recovery process. The stitches are dissolvable and you don’t need them to be taken out in a hospital. Your surgeon will advise you on how to take care of yourself when you get home. Take it easy for a couple of weeks and you are well on your way to complete recovery.

You must also ensure that the flatter abs that you have gained through the procedure is well maintained through diet and exercise. Going back to a sedentary lifestyle and paying no attention to food habits may pile the kilos back on and completely negate the positive effects of the Tummy Tuck.

Benefits of Abdominoplasty:

The most obvious benefits are a toned, flat abdomen and a trim waist. A slimmer waistline and flat abs improve the posture and create a more youthful look. Patients who have undergone Tummy Tuck surgery experience skyrocketing levels of confidence and self esteem. Bulges in the lower abdomen and stretch marks that are otherwise impossible to get rid of are also eliminated by abdominoplasty.

By Dale Corner

Less price effective Transmediastinal open surgery in India

Transmediastinal open surgery in India provides an effective and comprehensive medical treatment to cure bilateral lung tumors. Transmediastinal open surgery in cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore has high success rate.

Low cost budget, availability of American class surgical facilities with quick medical appointments, plus medical care and service operations at the hands of experienced treatment experts has made India a favorite destination for treatment of foreign patients. Bilateral lung tumor includes primary tumors and those of metastatic origin.

When large bilateral lung resections are necessary, the consecutive operations are considered to be expedient with intervals of 4-6 weeks. When the operation volume is not more than lobectomy in one side and an atypical or segmental resection in the other side, it is possible to fulfill a one-step intervention from the transsternal access. The surgical treatment for bilateral tumors should be supplemented by radio- and chemotherapy.

Surgical treatment for bilateral tumors of lungs is permissible but in the side of the maximal lesion followed by treatment of the rest of the tumor by non surgical methods. The cause and pathogenesis of bilateral lung tumors are poorly understood.

Less price effective Transmediastinal open surgery in India is carried out to get rid of these bilateral lung tumors. Bilateral lung tumors can be classified pathologically, but a clinically useful classification would combine location (ie, endobronchial or parenchymal) and information about whether the lesions are single or multiple.

Bilateral lung tumors can also be classified by their presumed origin. Those classifications include unknown (hamartoma, clear cell, teratoma), epithelial (papilloma, polyps), mesodermal (fibroma, lipoma, leiomyoma, chondroma, granular cell tumor, sclerosing hemangioma) and other (myofibroblastic tumor, xanthoma, amyloid, mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor). Adenomas and hamartomas constitute the largest group of benign lung tumors and, thus, deserve detailed descriptions.

Indian hospitals and medical tourism provides an effective way to carry out Transmediastinal open surgery in India at an effective price. Providing essential services and fulfilling patients expectations is primary motive of the doctors in India.

Provisions of international standards and rehabilitation facilities provided, makes India a perfect destination to get less price effective Transmediastinal open surgery. To get more details about Transmediastinal open surgery in India visit www.forerunnershealthcare.com or mail at enquiry@forerunnershealthcare.com

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